MAJOR FUNCTION, PROCESS, AND OTHER OBSERVABLE ENTITY CONCEPTS
Major Concepts | Commonly Used Terms | Working Definition |
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Affect | ||
Emotion | ||
Mood |
DEFINITIONS
Affect
- Zajonc describes affect as “the manifestation of an emotion as perceived by an observer (objective experience of the emotion)”.
- Trzepacz & Baker describe affect as the “external and dynamic manifestation of a person’s internal emotional state”(Trzepacz & Baker, 1993).
- Nussbaum describes affect as the “observable behaviors that are expressions of emotion” (Nussbaum, 2013).
- The APA defines affect as “a pattern of observable behaviors that is the expression of a subjectively experienced feeling state (emotion)… In contrast to mood, which refers to a pervasive and sustained emotional “climate”, affect refers to more fluctuating changes in emotional “weather” (APA, 2013).
Brainstorming/synthesis of above sources:
Feeling
- Wikipedia defines feelings this way: “Feelings are best understood as a subjective representation of emotions, private to the individual experiencing them” (Wikipedia, 2015).
Emotion
- Emotion is a subjectively experienced state – associated with activation (arousal) of specific brain regions, neurotransmitters, physiological response and mental states including “appraisal of situations and contexts” (Thoits).
- Wikipedia describes an emotion as “a subjective, conscious experience characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions, and mental states” (Wikipedia, 2015).
Emotional State
Think about the constructs of emotional state versus emotion versus feeling.
- An emotional state exists regardless of conscious awareness of the state; this is the neurophysiological reaction involving parts of the brain known to produce the experience of emotion.
- The experience of an emotional state is an emotion or feeling (subjectively experienced emotion)
Mood
- Mood is a longer-lasting emotional state; it’s believed the while neurotransmitters play a primary role in emotion, mood is controlled more by neuro-peptides in the brain; less intense state than emotion.
- Wikipedia describes mood as “diffuse affective states that generally last for much longer durations than emotions and are also usually less intense than emotions” (Wikipedia, 2015).
- The DSM-5 defines mood as “a pervasive and sustained emotion that colors the perception of the world… In contrast to affect, which refers to more fluctuating changes in emotional “weather,” mood refers to a pervasive and sustained emotional “climate” (APA, 2013).
- The MSE manual describes mood as “a person’s predominant internal feeling state at a given time” and distinguishes mood from affect in terms of subjective experience (mood) versus objectively observable manifestations. They go on to describe mood as a “consistent, sustained feeling state” that is “more likely to vary over hours and days than minutes and seconds” and affect as the “moment-to-moment expression of feelings” (Trzepacz & Baker, 1993). They define mood as being “what the patient reports as his or her predominant emotional state”.
- DSM-5 guidebook defines mood as “sustained and pervasive feeling states” (Black & Grant, 2014)
Attributes of emotion
Attributes of emotion and affect
- Latency (time to onset of detectable or consciously experienced emotion relative to evoking stimulus)
- Lability (measure of a refractory period during which certain – opposite? – emotions can or cannot be evoked)
- Valence (negatively or positively valanced)
- Quality (e.g., sad, happy, content, hopeful, afraid)
- Intensity (measure of strength of emotion from absent to all-encompassing)
- Range (breath of emotion; negatively to positively valanced; variation in qualities; variation in intensity?)
- Reactivity (threshold of eliciting stimulus required for activation of specific emotion; can be emotion-specific or general emotional reactivity).
Attributes of mood
- Duration
- Quality
- Valence
- Intensity
- Lability(?) (the definition of mood implies that lability is not relevant; shorter durations – i.e., is there such a thing as rapid cycling moods or is there only labile emotion states that overshadow moods?; at a neurophysiological level do the neuropeptides implicated in mood exist at only very low levels, or are they just overshadowed by neurotransmitters; do levels of neuropeptides fluctuate rapidly thus leading to rapid changes in neurotransmitter levels? Seems that this can only be assessed at neurochemical level)
Patterns of emotional experience and/or expression
- Lability - a short refractory period for any given emotion, allowing a different emotion to be elicited in a smaller-than-typical elapsed time period
Emotion can also be regulated through processes most authors describe using terms like (f)
- Maintaining
- Amplifying
- Attenuating
This table is based on a terms used the forms (questions, picklist values) of an EHR of one health system
Summary of RDoC conceptualization of concepts related to emotion (Research Domain Criteria) (see https://www.nimh.nih.gov/research/research-funded-by-nimh/rdoc/index.shtml)
STAKEHOLDER GROUPS AND SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS
Name | Type | Description | Notes |
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RESOURCES
Name | Type | Description | Notes |
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DSM-I, DSM-II, DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-IV-R | Nosology | Previous editions of the the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) | Useful for understanding the evolution concepts and specific terms used at different points in time |
DSM-5, DSM-5 SCID | Nosology | Current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) | Useful for understanding terms and concepts as they are currently designed to be used by clinicians |
ICD-10, ICD-10-CM | Nosology | Preview editions of the the International Classification of Disorders (ICD) | Useful for understanding the evolution concepts and specific terms used at different points in time |
ICD-11 | Nosology | Current edition of the the International Classification of Disorders (ICD) | Useful for understanding terms and concepts as they are currently designed to be used by clinicians |
UMLS | Meta-Terminology | Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) | |
RDoC | |||
EARL | Annotation language/tool | HUMAINE Emotion Annotation and Representation Language (EARL): Proposal - http://emotion-research.net/projects/humaine/earl/proposal |
PROJECT MILESTONES AND STATUS
ID | Objective | Action Item |
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1 | Define scope of work |
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2 | Understand uses cases |
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3 | Understand major conceptualizations of the concept |
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4 | Establish contact with key stakeholders and other potential project contributors |
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5 | Understand how concepts in the domain are currently represented in SNOMED |
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6 | Perform gap analysis |
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7 | Create new and modify existing concepts in SNOMED |
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8 | Disseminate information about changes to SNOMED for concepts in the domain |
LINKS TO SITE MATERIALS
WORK PAGES
DISCUSSION THREADS
GRAPHICS AND GLOSSARIES