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Preventing the potential spread of COVID-19 can involve a range of precautions, such as isolation and the wearing of personal protective equipment, and education to patients, healthcare workers and the broader community. Once COVID-19 is diagnosed, various treatments may be considered, together with education for the patient and their families/caregivers.

These data elements are described below, with example SNOMED CT subsets where applicable.


2.5.1 Prevention 

Precautionary measures, such as  840534001 | SARS-CoV-2 vaccination| 225368008 | Contact tracing| , and  170499009 | Isolation of infection contact (procedure)|  are extremely important in the fight against infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The following preventative measures can be recorded using SNOMED CT.

CV19-PTE-PreventionProcedures
Concept idFully Specified Nameen-US Preferred TermEffective Time

409524006

Airborne precautions (procedure)

Airborne precautions20040731
225368008Contact tracing (procedure)Contact tracing20020131

409529001

Contact precautions (procedure)

Contact precautions

20040731

409525007

Respiratory secretion precautions (procedure)

Respiratory secretion precautions20040731
77248004Infection control procedure (procedure) Infection control procedur20020131

361235007

Isolation of infected patient (procedure)

Isolation of infected patient20020131

170499009

Isolation of infection contact (procedure)

Isolation of infection contact20020131

170500000

Isolation of infection carrier (procedure)

Isolation of infection carrier

20020131
840534001Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination (procedure)SARS-CoV-2 vaccination20200309

2.5.2 Education 

Education is an important aspect of preventing and managing COVID-19 infection. The following SNOMED CT concepts may be used to record this data.

CV19-PTE-Education
Concept idFully Specified Nameen-US Preferred TermEffective Time
698608004Hand washing education (procedure)Hand washing education20140131
385820004Infection control education (procedure) Infection control education20100731
868263005Education about infectious disease (procedure)Education about infectious disease20200731

Please refer to 2.5.1 Extension Concepts - Treatment and Education for a list of known extension concepts.

2.5.3 Medication 

A number of countries are trialling the use of medication to treat COVID-19. Many of these medications can be found in the  373873005 | Pharmaceutical / biologic product (product)|  hierarchy of SNOMED CT. However until there is sufficient evidence, the WHO is cautioning against associations recommending or administering these unproven treatments to patients with COVID-19 or people self-medicating with them1. For this reason, we have not included a medication subset at this time.

2.5.4 Administrative Procedures 

Patients with severe symptoms or complications may require admission to hospital, or other administrative procedures. The following administrative procedures may be recorded using SNOMED CT.


CV19-PTE-AdministrativeProcedures
Concept idFully Specified Nameen-US Preferred TermEffective Time
183452005Emergency hospital admission (procedure)Emergency hospital admission20020131
305376003Admission to infectious diseases department (procedure)Admission to infectious diseases department20020131
305351004Admission to intensive care unit (procedure)Admission to intensive care unit20020131
305360007Admission to respiratory medicine department (procedure)Admission to respiratory medicine department20020131
32485007Hospital admission (procedure)Hospital admission20020131
417005Hospital re-admission (procedure)Hospital re-admission20020131

2.5.5 Therapeutic Procedures 

Patients suffering from severe symptoms or complications may require a range of therapeutic procedures, many of them involving supportive care to help them breathe. The following therapeutic procedures may be recorded using SNOMED CT.


CV19-PTE-TherapeuticProcedures
Concept idFully Specified Nameen-US Preferred TermEffective Time
40617009Artificial respiration (procedure)Artificial respiration20020131
233573008Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (procedure)Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation20020131
447996002Intubation of respiratory tract (procedure)Intubation of respiratory tract20110731
243141005Mechanically assisted spontaneous ventilation (procedure)Mechanically assisted spontaneous ventilation20020131
428311008Noninvasive ventilation (procedure)

Noninvasive ventilation

20080131
371908008Oxygen administration by mask (procedure)Oxygen administration by mask20020731
371907003Oxygen administration by nasal cannula (procedure)Oxygen administration by nasal cannula20020731
11140008Respiratory assist, manual (procedure)Respiratory assist, manual20020131
829831000000100Insertion of fiducial marker into lung using computed tomography guidance (procedure)Insertion of fiducial marker into lung using computed tomography guidance20200731

2.5.6 Treatment Findings 

Clinical findings relating to the treatment required or used by a patient may be captured in a health record. The following treatment findings may be recorded using SNOMED CT.


CV19-PTE-TreatmentFindings
Concept idFully Specified Nameen-US Preferred TermEffective Time
79031000119101Dependence on respirator (finding)Dependence on respirator20150731
931000119107Dependence on supplemental oxygen (finding)Dependence on supplemental oxygen20120731
444932008Dependence on ventilator (finding)Dependence on ventilator20100731
763326004Difficult mask ventilation (finding)Difficult mask ventilation20180731
419991009Endotracheal tube present (finding)Endotracheal tube present20060131
405496006Inability to ventilate patients lungs mechanically (finding)Inability to ventilate patients lungs mechanically20040131
22803001Normal respiratory function (finding)Normal respiratory function20020131
718085007Unable to intubate and unable to ventilate (finding)Cannot intubate cannot ventilate20160731
128258000Ventilation finding (finding)Ventilation finding20020131
371825009Patient on oxygen (finding)
Patient on oxygen20020731
371820004Patient ventilated (finding)Patient ventilated20020731

2.5.7 Treatment Equipment 

Respiratory equipment includes those medical devices used to support breathing and respiratory function - for example


706173000 |Intensive-care ventilator (physical object)| , and 464328001 |Thoracic cannula (physical object)| .


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