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In addition to the general= naming conventions below, please also see any applicable naming convention= s for specific hierarchies in their respective = domain.
Generally, names should:
Naming conventions should not be b= ased on word order preferences (e.g. to facilitate search or display). Crea= ting multiple word order variants for these purposes is outside the scope o= f the International Release of SNOMED CT.
Pre-coordination Pattern
SNOMED CT= relies on the rules for usefulness = em>to avoid excessive pre-coordination (see Scope).
Approved pre-coordination naming p= atterns have been created and are available at Pre-coo= rdination Naming Patterns Project.
Descriptions should not include ar= ticles such as a, an, and the. There are legacy descriptions that contain articles suc= h as the that will be corrected over time.<= /span>
For= example,
Abbreviations are shortened forms = of words or phrases. An acronym is a specific type of abbreviation fo= rmed from the initial letters of words and is sometimes pronounced as a wor= d (e.g. AIDS for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; NICU for = Neonatal Intensive Care Unit). Neither abbreviation nor acronym = is permitted in a fully specified name (FSN).
For= example,
Abbreviations and acronyms are&nbs= p;allowed in a preferred term or synonym when followed by the term expansio= n. If the abbreviation or acro= nym stands alone (meaning, no additional terms are included; the letters re= present the entire meaning of the description without any other text), it i= s followed by a space, a hyphen, and another space, then the expanded term.= The first word after the dash should be lower case as per u= sual capitalization rules.
For= example,
If the abbreviation or acronym for= ms only part of the description's meaning, it is followed by a space, then = the expanded term in parentheses. The first word in the parenthes= es should be lower case as per usual capitalization rules.=
For example,
140031000119103= span> |Acute nontraumatic kidn= ey injury (disorder)| has a synonym of Nontraumatic AKI (acut= e kidney injury)
Official names of organism, which is repr= esented as organism preferred term, may include abbreviations. The abbrevia= tions do not need to be accompanied by the fully expanded term.
Abbreviated organism part names are allow= ed in a preferred term (and other synonyms). The abbreviations do not need = to be accompanied by the fully expanded term
The preferred term for allergen component= s in the Substance hierarchy follows the rules established by the World Hea= lth Organization/ International Union of Immunological Societies Nomenclatu= re Sub Committee: allergen names consist of the first three letters from th= e genus, one letter from the species epithet, followed by an Arabic numeral= . e.g. 1157148000 |Arachis hypogaea 2 protein (substance)| has a preferred = term of "Ara h 2".
An = acronym is allowed in an FSN when it has become a word in its own right, i.= e. included in dictionaries; understood without expansion to its original f= ull form.
For= example,
The preferred term for imaging procedures= involving imaging modalities commonly referred to by an acronym (such as C= T, MRI, SPECT, PET) omits the expanded term after the acronym.
For example,
Acronyms in rare and genetic diseases have been included for= the concepts as part of the Orphanet project that do not include expansion= of the abbreviation, as some of the diseases are commonly known by the acr= onym.
For example,
Second example,
BRESEK syndrome is a synonym of =
717945001 |Brain anomaly, severe mental retardation, ectodermal dysplasia, =
skeletal deformity, ear anomaly, kidney dysplasia syndrome (disorder)|.&nbs=
p; Although the FSN and other descriptions have full expansions, there=
is a description included for |BRESEK syndrome|, which does not further de=
lineate the BRESEK acronym.
Based on recommendation by the Internatio= nal Protein Nomenclature Guidelines, an abbreviation may be part of a prote= in name:
Msh6 in "DNA mismatch repair prote= in Msh6 (substance)" is a protein symbol standing for "mutS homolog 6" prot= ein. Gene and Protein symbols are short identifiers, typically 3 to 8 chara= cters, that are usually created by contraction or acronymic abbreviation. T= hey are pseudo-acronyms, in the sense that they are complete identifiers or= short names. They are considered synonymous with (rather than standing for= ) the gene/protein name (or any of its aliases), regardless of whether the = initial letters "match". Gene and protein symbols maybe part of protein nam= e:
Eponyms are names that are derived= from proper names (usually the person who made the discovery or created th= e original description). It is neither desirable nor possible, to completel= y avoid using eponyms in a medical terminology. They are found in many area= s of medical terminology, including anatomic structures, morphologic abnorm= alities, diseases, findings, and procedures (e.g. Rutherford Morison's pouc= h, vein of Galen, Aschoff body, Kell blood group, Down syndrome, Moro refle= x, and Whipple procedure).
Fully specified names (FSN) shoul= d be full descriptions, whereas synonyms may be eponymous terms.
For= example,
Eponym= ous descriptions should not include an apostrophe or final s, unless the name normally ends in s= .
For example,
When c= ommon usage requires it, there should be at least one description that has = the apostrophe s. For descriptions with a = possessive apostrophe where the name normally ends in s, the apostrophe should follow the s.
For example,
It is permitted and encouraged to = include eponyms as descriptions (non-FSN descriptions) whenever they are un= derstandable, reproducible, and useful in a given context.
Exc= eptions require careful consideration since eponyms meanings may change ove= r time. They are allowed when:
When constructing an FSN, the preposition 'of' is preferred over using = the preposition 'in' to describe the morphology of an anatomic structure.= span>
When creating the descriptions for a concept (e.g. a disorder concept) = that name an entity such as a body structure, substance or organism, the co= nventions that are applied for naming the entity in the source hierarchy sh= ould be used.
For= example,
This concept references the organism hie= rarchy in the causative agent of 52499004 |Pseudomonas aeruginosa (organism= )| and uses that description in the FSN.
448169003 |Felis catus (organism)| has a= preferred term of =E2=80=9CDomestic cat=E2=80=9D. As a result a related co= ncept in the Substance hierarchy, 143491000146106 |Felis catus protein (sub= stance)| has a preferred term of =E2=80=9CDomestic cat protein=E2=80=9D.
Th= is concept references the body structure hierarchy in the finding site of |= Structure of left upper eyelid (body structure)| and uses "left upper eyeli= d" in the FSN.
Th= is concept references the body structure hierarchy in the finding site of 8= 9837001 |Urinary bladder structure (body structure)| and uses "urinary blad= der" in the FSN and PT.
The term bladder must be include urinary to distinguis= h from gallbladder in order to aid in translation. Urinary bladde= r must be used in both the fully specified name and preferred term.&nb= sp;
The descriptions should be context neutral for these foundation hierarch= ies. Where context is explicit for a disease or procedure, the preferred te= rm from foundation hierarchies can be used instead. For example, procedure = CT of abdomen indicates that the context of CT imaging is cross-se= ctional. The procedure site should be modeled with the cross-sectional abdo= men. However, it is not necessary to change 'Computed tomography of abdomen= (procedure)' to 'Computed tomography of cross-sectional abdomen (procedure= )'. It is the same reason for the preferred term 'CT of abdomen'.
Structure, Structure of
Outside of the body structure hierarchy, = concepts should not include the words structure or&n= bsp;structure of in the concept descriptions.
For example,
In the rare event that the 255-character limit of the fully specified na= me is reached, standard naming conventions may be circumvented in order to = adhere to the 255-term string limit.
For example, the use of commas may be use= d instead of the word =E2=80=9Cand=E2=80=9D.
Considerations can include language nuances, content use case, etc. = ; The decision on which standard naming conventions to circumvent will depe= nd on the circumstances.